In this compelling and informative volume, Jimmie R. Hawkins walks the reader through the many forms of Black protest in American history, from pre-colonial times through the George Floyd protests of 2020. Hawkins breaks American history into five sections, with subsections highlighting how Black identity helped to shape protest during that period. These protests include slave ship mutinies, the abolitionist movement, the different approaches to protest from Frederick Douglas, W.E.B. Dubois, and Booker T. Washington, protest led by various Black institutions, Black Lives Matter movements, and protests of today’s Black athletes, musicians, and intellectuals, such as Lebron James, Beyonce, and Kendrick Lamar. Hawkins also covers the backlash to these protests, including the Jim Crow era, the Red Summer of 1919, and modern-day wars on the Black community in the form of the War on Drugs and voter suppression.
“Readers will benefit not only from the level of detail on the page, but also from the rich footnotes and bibliography as suggestions for further reading. Many different audiences will find powerful inspiration in the creative and courageous history of Black protest and in African Americans’ recognition that despite this nation’s ‘contradictions,’ its ideals of freedom and democracy remain ‘worth fighting for’ (p. 280).” – Interpretation
Jimmie R. Hawkins served as Director of Advocacy for the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and is the author of Unbroken and Unbowed: A History of Black Protest in America, also published by Westminster John Knox Press. He has also written for Call to Worship, Presbyterian Outlook, and Focus Magazine. Hawkins has served on the boards of Church World Service, the National Council of Churches, National Religious Campaign against Torture, National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Union Presbyterian Seminary, and as a tri-chair of the Washington Interreligious Staff Committee. An ordained clergy member of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), he holds an MA from Union Presbyterian Seminary and a MDiv from Johnson C. Smith Theological Seminary, and is the recipient of the 2024 Union Presbyterian Seminary Alumni of the Year award.